气动光学效应退化图像循环迭代复原算法研究

为了从湍流序列退化图像中有效地去除模糊、抖动等气动光学效应，提出一种基于内外循环迭代的湍流退化图像复原新算法．该算法利用多帧湍流退化图像，建立了一个基于航天图像随机场概率模型的联合对数似然函数．通过极大化该对数似然函数，推导出了基于内外循环交替求解目标图像及各帧点扩展函数的迭代关系，据此可将目标图像和各帧点扩展函数同时估计出来．在微机上进行了复原实验，实验结果表明该算法能用多帧图像获取目标图像和点扩展函数的最佳联合估计，可有效地去除模糊、抖动等气动光学效应．     

UV-B辐射增强对藻类影响的研究进展

研究了UV-B辐射对藻类的伤害效应，主要表现为影响藻类的存活率和生长，改变藻类的细胞形态，抑制藻类的光合作用，刺激呼吸作用，改变藻类细胞内的蛋白质、核酸、糖类含量，破坏藻类的种群、群落和生态系统。同时探讨了UV-B辐射对藻类的伤害机制。     

三峡库区生态敏感区土地利用变化及其生态效应研究——以奉节、巫山县为例

土地利用变化及其生态效应的研究对区域社会经济发展和生态环境建设具有重要的指导意义.以三峡库区腹地奉节县和巫山县作为研究区,选取1986—2015年4期遥感、土地利用等数据,在GIS和RS技术的支持下,运用土地利用综合程度指数及土地利用转移信息图谱分析研究区土地利用空间格局演变,从湿度、绿度、干度和热度4方面构建遥感生态指数,反映研究区生态效应时空演变,探讨土地利用变化及其与生态效应的关系.结果表明:1)就土地利用而言,在空间上,耕地和建设用地多分布于低海拔平坝河谷区,林、灌、草地多分布于高海拔中低山区,交通建设用地多分布于各类用地之间起连通的作用;在土地利用强度和转换方式上,以林、灌、草地和耕地变化最为显著.2)就RSEI而言,长江及其支流沿岸低地,受土地开发及城镇扩张的影响,生境退化严重;研究区其余范围,受退耕影响,生境趋好.研究区土地利用变化最大的地区也是生态效应变化最为剧烈的地区,若人类活动合理,生态状况好转.     

A Flexible Functional Form Approach To Mortality Modeling: Do We Need Additional Cohort Dummies?

The increasing amount of attention paid to longevity risk and funding for old age has created the need for precise mortality models and accurate future mortality forecasts. Orthogonal polynomials have been widely used in technical fields and there have also been applications in mortality modeling. In this paper we adopt a flexible functional form approach using two‐dimensional Legendre orthogonal polynomials to fit and forecast mortality rates. Unlike some of the existing mortality models in the literature, the model we propose does not impose any restrictions on the age, time or cohort structure of the data and thus allows for different model designs for different countries' mortality experience. We conduct an empirical study using male mortality data from a range of developed countries and explore the possibility of using age–time effects to capture cohort effects in the underlying mortality data. It is found that, for some countries, cohort dummies still need to be incorporated into the model. Moreover, when comparing the proposed model with well‐known mortality models in the literature, we find that our model provides comparable fitting but with a much smaller number of parameters. Based on 5‐year‐ahead mortality forecasts, it can be concluded that the proposed model improves the overall accuracy of the future mortality projection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

逃离“北上广深”背景下一线城市房价涟漪效应研究

本文基于逃离"北上广深"背景,研究了一线城市对二三线城市的房价涟漪效应,并从城市规模大小、距一线城市远近和涟漪效应高低三个方面,对比分析各因素对涟漪效应的影响.研究发现:1)逃离"北上广深"背景下,产业相似度、生活舒适性差距、交通便捷性、住房市场信息距离、社会文化距离、就业增长率、开放度和总储蓄均对涟漪效应表现出显著促进作用;2)二线城市各因素的影响程度均大于三线城市;3)随着与一线城市距离的增加,产业相似度、交通便捷性、就业增长率和开放度的影响呈递减趋势,生活舒适性差距呈递增趋势,住房市场信息距离和总储蓄基本与距离无关;4)随分位数提高,多数变量的影响程度增强,表现出"加速效应".     

Forecasting with Micro Panels: The Case of Health Care Costs

Micro panels characterized by large numbers of individuals observed over a short time period provide a rich source of information, but as yet there is only limited experience in using such data for forecasting. Existing simulation evidence supports the use of a fixed‐effects approach when forecasting but it is not based on a truly micro panel set‐up. In this study, we exploit the linkage of a representative survey of more than 250,000 Australians aged 45 and over to 4 years of hospital, medical and pharmaceutical records. The availability of panel health cost data allows the use of predictors based on fixed‐effects estimates designed to guard against possible omitted variable biases associated with unobservable individual specific effects. We demonstrate the preference towards fixed‐effects‐based predictors is unlikely to hold in many practical situations, including our models of health care costs. Simulation evidence with a micro panel set‐up adds support and additional insights to the results obtained in the application. These results are supportive of the use of the ordinary least squares predictor in a wide range of circumstances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

财政分权与基本公共服务供给——基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析

采用2007~2011年中国省级面板数据,运用固定效应模型,分析了财政分权对我国基本公共服务供给的影响,并通过控制变量的引入,揭示可能影响地方政府公共服务供给的因素.结果表明:财政分权并没有提高公共服务供给水平;经济发展水平、财政转移支付、政府偏好和财政支出水平对基本公共服务供给水平有正向影响,而人口密度对基本公共服务供给水平产生负影响     

基于位置和散度效应因子分类筛选及仿真试验

针对供应链及其它计算机仿真试验中所涉及因子数目众多的情形,序贯分支方法因筛选效率较高被广泛采用.然而,现有的序贯分支方法忽视对散度效应起显著作用的因子.由于相比位置效应,散度效应在产品或供应链系统的质量设计中是同等甚至更为重要的,故提出一种基于位置效应与散度效应的序贯分支方法.首先,将影响位置效应与散度效应的显著因子分类为调节因子,重要因子和稳健因子;然后,结合序贯概率比检验(sequential probability ratio test,SPRT),在控制筛选过程中第一类错误和第二类错误的基础上,采用序贯分支方法分类地筛选出显著因子;最后通过仿真试验说明此方法能够有效且分类地处理位置效应与散度效应下的显著因子筛选问题.     

农村工业结构时空演进及其环境污染效应评价——基于行业污染程度视角

从行业污染程度的视角对农村工业进行分类,分析农村工业结构变动的时空分异特征,探讨农村工业结构变动对环境影响的机理,构建环境影响指数,定量评价农村工业结构演进的环境污染效应.主要结论如下:①1988-2010年间农村工业轻度污染行业所占比重呈现增加的趋势,而污染行业呈现下降的趋势.研究期内环境影响指数呈现"增长-下降-增长"的变化趋势,2002年以后又逐步呈现增加的趋势.②农村工业结构区域分异特征明显,在省级层面,江苏、山东、浙江、山西、河北、河南、广东、辽宁、上海等省市重污染行业和中度污染占全国重污染行业的比重较多,环境影响指数也都较大.在区域层面上,污染行业也主要集中在东部发达地区,东部地区环境影响指数远远大于中部和西部地区.在环境管理实践中不同的地区应实行差别化的管理政策.     

Multicategory Purchase Incidence Models for Partitions of Product Categories

We analyze multicategory purchases of households by means of heterogeneous multivariate probit models that relate to partitions formed from a total of 25 product categories. We investigate both prior and post hoc partitions. We search model structures by a stochastic algorithm and estimate models by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The best model in terms of cross‐validated log‐likelihood refers to a post hoc partition with two groups; the second‐best model considers all categories as one group. Among prior partitions with at least two category groups a five‐group model performs best. Effects on average basket value differ for the model with five prior category groups from those for the best‐performing model in 40% and 24% of the investigated categories for features and displays, respectively. In addition, the model with five prior category groups also underestimates total sales revenue across all categories by about 28%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.